IMF |Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the LiteratureClimate change is one of the greatest challenges of this century. Mitigation requires a large-scale transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper provides an overview of the rapidly growing literature on the role of macroeconomic and financial policy tools in enabling this transition. The literature provides a menu of policy tools for mitigation. A key conclusion is that fiscal tools are first in line and central, but can and may need to be complemented by financial and monetary policy instruments. Category: Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning |
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IMF |Fiscal Policies for Paris Climate Strategies - From Principle to PracticeFiscal Policies for Paris Climate Strategies - From Principle to Practice provides country-level guidance on the role, and design of, fiscal policies for implementing climate mitigation strategies that countries have submitted for the 2015 Paris Agreement and for addressing vulnerabilities in disaster-prone countries. On the mitigation side, the paper presents a spreadsheet tool for judging the likely impact on emissions, fiscal revenues, local air pollution mortality, and economic welfare impacts of a range of instruments including comprehensive carbo Category: Promote Carbon Pricing Measures, Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning, Share Experiences and Expertise |
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IMF |The Effects of Weather Shocks on Economic Activity: What are the Channels of Impact?Global temperatures have increased at an unprecedented pace in the past 40 years. This paper finds that increases in temperature have uneven macroeconomic effects, with adverse consequences concentrated in countries with hot climates, such as most low-income countries. In these countries, a rise in temperature lowers per capita output, in both the short and medium term, through a wide array of channels: reduced agricultural output, suppressed productivity of workers exposed to heat, slower investment, and poorer health. Category: Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning, Climate-Resilient Financial Sector, Align Policies with Paris Agreement, NDC Support and Implementation |
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IMF |Climate Mitigation in China: Which Policies Are Most Effective?For the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, China pledged to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of GDP by 60–65 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. This paper develops a practical spreadsheet tool for evaluating a wide range of national level fiscal and regulatory policy options for reducing CO2 emissions in China in terms of their impacts on emissions, revenue, premature deaths from local air pollution, household and industry groups, and overall economic welfare. Category: Promote Carbon Pricing Measures, Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning |
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IMF |Iran: The Chronicles of the Subsidy Reform.On December 18, 2010, Iran increased domestic energy and agricultural prices by up to 20 times, making it the first major oil-exporting country to reduce substantially implicit energy subsidies. This paper reviews the economic and technical issues involved in the planning and early implementation of the reform, including the transfers to households and the public relations campaign that were critical to the success of the reform. Category: Promote Carbon Pricing Measures, Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning |
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GIZ, IMF, UNEP |Green Fiscal Policy NetworkThe Green Fiscal Policy Network is a joint partnership between UN Environment (UNEP), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) launched in 2011. The Network aims to facilitate knowledge sharing and dialogue on green fiscal policy reforms. Category: Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning, Climate-Resilient Financial Sector, Align Policies with Paris Agreement, Share Experiences and Expertise, NDC Support and Implementation |
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IMF |Energy Subsidy ReformIn the first part of the course, economists from the IMF will introduce the definition and measurement of subsidies, and then describe the economic, social, and environmental implications of subsidies. The second part of the course has two principal purposes: first, to review what works best in energy subsidy reform, in light of country experiences globally; and second, to illustrate successes and failures in particular country contexts by summarizing some case studies. Category: Promote Carbon Pricing Measures, Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning |
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IMF |Analyzing and Managing Fiscal Risks: Best Practices.This paper provides a set of analytical tools and best practices to help policy makers understand and manage fiscal risks. Rather than seeking to provide an alternative to standard debt sustainability analysis, the paper’s focus is on how countries can assess and manage fiscal risks more broadly—including tail risks—and to better incorporate uncertainty into fiscal policy analysis. The paper is structured as follows. Category: Climate-Informed Fiscal Planning, Climate-Resilient Financial Sector |
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IMF |Implementing a US Carbon Tax: Challenges and DebatesThis book is about the practicalities of introducing a carbon tax in the United States, set against the broader fiscal context. It consists of thirteen chapters, written by leading experts, covering the full range of issues policymakers would need to understand, such as the revenue potential of a carbon tax, how the tax can be administered, the advantages of carbon taxes over other mitigation instruments and the environmental and macroeconomic impacts of the tax. A carbon tax can work in the United States. Category: Promote Carbon Pricing Measures |
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